In the DRC, mask performances that include Ngulu, the domestic pig, are highly entertaining. Ngulu either dances erect or performs on all fours to dramatize the erratic and uncontrollable nature of pigs. During performances, the dignified movements of such human characters as Pwo, the female ancestor, teaches acceptable social behavior in contrast with the unacceptable behavior of some animal characters. Teaching techniques such as dancing masks and puppetry are used during social gatherings for entertainment, to affirm creation myths, and as well in the initiation ceremonies of young boys who then mature into adulthood. Some people who send mask pictures to me are surprised when I say it is a…

Yaka masks at Didier Claes stand this year in the famous Brussels show. BRAFA has no ‘best stand’ prize, but a strong contender would have been Didier Claes Gallery for sourcing a dozen impressive Yaka masks from the Congo, all at least 50 years old yet complete with raffia fibers. They’re used for the ritual dances associated with circumcision and coming of age, hence the phallic-tending noses and the variety of sizes, different masks with differing powers being worn as the ceremony progresses. They sold out at around €15-20,000 each. As a group of 13 they make quite an impression.

This well-used example of We, Dan or Kran masks is from Ivory Coast or Liberia. The  mask shows signs of long use and excellent age. This mask belongs to the category of  Kaogle and was traditionally associated with warfare. It was also used for judicial and educational ceremonies. Kaogle mask was also used as a dancing mask that served a number of functions in the Poro secret society. Masks like this are referred to as spirits.  Today, like most masks still being produced in this territory, they are used primarily for the entertainment of both villagers and tourists. This mask comes from Africa Direct, a large and successful dealer of…